The Programa de Pensamiento Visual Venezuela (PPV Venezuela) is an innovative educational program that promotes teaching about art and develops students’ analytical and visual thinking skills. Developed by the Department of Education of The Museum of Modern Art New York (MoMA) and adapted for Venezuelan students with the help of educators from the Colección Cisneros and Galería de Arte Nacional Caracas Venezuela (GAN), the PPV has, to date, collaborated with over one hundred teachers and reached more than 3,500 students in Caracas, Maracaibo, and La Guaira.

The PPV Venezuela is modeled on the Visual Thinking Curriculum Program (VTC), which was developed by MoMA’s Department of Education with the input of New York City classroom teachers and an evaluation by Harvard University’s Project Zero. The VTC teaching manual and professional development workshops provide teachers with a methodology for directing conversations with their students about works of art. The curriculum invites students to respond to and interpret what they see in artworks while also emphasizing the development of critical thinking skills that students need to analyze art effectively.

The VTC Program is based on the premise that students can find pleasure and meaning in looking at and talking about art with their peers and develop intellectually by doing this. Specifically, its goals are to help students find pleasure and meaning in modern and contemporary art; engage directly with works of art as primary sources; develop capacity for evidential reasoning; develop intellectually through group learning; become better visual thinkers; and transfer visual thinking skills to other areas of learning.

During a visit to MoMA in 1997, Patty Cisneros observed a New York City public school teacher leading her class in guided conversations about works of art in the museum’s galleries. Impressed by the students’ keen observations and in-depth dialogue, she approached MoMA’s Department of Education about the possibility of adapting this inventive program for a Latin American audience. This brief encounter sparked a series of meetings that would result in the formation of PPV Venezuela.

In 1998, MoMA educators conducted workshops in Caracas to introduce the VTC Program methodology to curators and educators from the GAN and the Colección Cisneros. After the workshops, the international team chose 90 artworks from the three collections to be included in the Venezuelan curriculum. By early 1999, the team had developed educational materials, based on this selection of works. In the spring of 1999, MoMA educators with the assistance of the Colección Cisneros provided the first PPV Venezuela professional development workshops at the GAN for 18 Venezuelan fourth-grade teachers from public, private, and subsidized schools in the metropolitan area of Caracas. The classroom teachers then led 442 fourth-grade students through the program.

Over the next six months, the international education team revised the Venezuelan curriculum, based on the recommendations and written evaluations of participating teachers. They developed three new curricula, with slides, lesson plans, artwork texts, and evaluation questions for fourth, fifth, and sixth grade classroom teachers. Program leaders then provided workshops for new fifth and sixth grade teachers as well as gave the first group of fourth grade teachers new curricular materials and additional classes. By February 2000, some 50 teachers and over 1500 students in Venezuela were participating in the program.

In 2001, PPV Venezuela expanded its reach to include five additional Venezuelan museums: Museo de Bellas Artes, Museo Jacabo Borges, Museo Alejandro Otero, Museo Armando Reverón (now part of the Galería de Arte Nacional) and the Centro de Bellas Artes de Maracaibo.

As part of an ongoing effort to evaluate the program’s effectiveness, the Instituto de la Facultad de Ingeniería of the Universidad Central de Venezuela will assess the educational impact of PPV, in collaboration with the international team and a group of newly enrolled fourth grade teachers. Findings will enable the coordinating educators to improve PPV Venezuela and to develop new ways to promote art education in Latin America.

In Venezuela, teachers enrolled in the program have noticed significant changes in their students, remarking on improvements in vocabulary, analytical abilities, and general knowledge. “They are more aware of details; they observe more and participate more,” said one teacher. In turn, students have commented, “We are able to see things more clearly,” “We learn to respect each other’s right to talk,” and “We learn to observe, to imagine things, and to think.”

The PPV Venezuela international team will continue to expand throughout Venezuela, adding cities and collaborating with new cultural institutions. The program is also beginning to have an impact in other Latin American countries. PPV Argentina, based on PPV Venezuela, launched in 2001. Developed by MoMA’s Department of Education in collaboration with the Fundación ArteViva, the PPV Argentina includes artworks from the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, the Museo de Arte Hispanoamericano Isaac Fernández Blanco, the Museo Quinquela Martín, the Museo de Arte Moderno in Buenos Aires, and MoMA.

Discussions are underway to bring the program to Brazil and other Latin American countries. The PPV team is also working to develop and use new technologies to connect bilingual teachers and students in the US and Latin America. Videoconferencing workshops are planned for 2002 and a PPV online course is being designed for Actualización de Maestros en Educación (AME), a distance-learning program of the Fundación Cisneros that provides training to schoolteachers in seven Latin American countries.

For more information about Colección Cisneros Educational Programs, contact educacion@coleccioncisneros.org

For more information about the International Educational Programs at the Museum of Modern Art New York, contact internationaleducation@moma.org